The former player: 'I wanted to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This piece contains details of discriminatory language and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell says that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what happened," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on competing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just accept the fate and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has given considerable focus on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"We are continuing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to work for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person education on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to reach young people in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is prepared to share their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will become about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the horns and continue bearing this banner and keep carrying this responsibility and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the ability to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022